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Webmail

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Webmail (or web-based email) is an <a href="Email" title="Email">email service</a> that can be accessed using a standard <a href="Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>. It contrasts with email service accessible through a specialised <a href="Email_client" title="Email client">email client software</a>. Additionally, many <a href="Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service providers</a> (ISP) provide webmail as part of their internet service package. Similarly, some <a href="Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web hosting providers</a> also provide webmail as a part of their hosting package.

As with any <a href="Web_application" title="Web application">web application</a>, webmail's main advantage over the use of a <a href="Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop</a> <a href="Email_client" title="Email client">email client</a> is the ability to send and receive email anywhere from a web browser.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_implementations">Early implementations</h3></div>

The first Web Mail implementation was developed at <a href="CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> in 1993 by <a href="Phillip_Hallam-Baker" title="Phillip Hallam-Baker">Phillip Hallam-Baker</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> as a test of the HTTP protocol stack, but was not developed further. In the next two years, however, several people produced working webmail applications.

In Europe, there were three implementations, Søren Vejrum's "WWW Mail",<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Luca Manunza's "WebMail",<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> and Remy Wetzels' "WebMail".<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Søren Vejrum's "WWW Mail" was written when he was studying and working at the <a href="Copenhagen_Business_School" title="Copenhagen Business School">Copenhagen Business School</a> in Denmark, and was released on February 28, 1995.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Luca Manunza's "WebMail" was written while he was working at <a href="CRS4" title="CRS4">CRS4</a> in Sardinia, from an idea of Gianluigi Zanetti, with the first source release on March 30, 1995.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Remy Wetzels' "WebMail" was written while he was studying at the <a href="Eindhoven_University_of_Technology" title="Eindhoven University of Technology">Eindhoven University of Technology</a> in the Netherlands for the DSE<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and was released early January 1995.

In the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, Matt Mankins wrote "Webex",<a href="#cite_note-Webex-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-note01-11">[Note 1]</a> and Bill Fitler, while at <a href="Cc%3AMail" title="Cc:Mail">Lotus cc:Mail</a>, began working on an implementation which he demonstrated publicly at <a href="Lotusphere" title="Lotusphere">Lotusphere</a> on January 24, 1995.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Matt Mankins, under the supervision of Dr. Burt Rosenberg at the <a href="University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> released his "Webex" application source code in a post to comp.mail.misc on August 8, 1995,<a href="#cite_note-Webex-10">[10]</a> although it had been in use as the primary email application at the School of Architecture where Mankins worked for some months prior.

Bill Fitler's webmail implementation was further developed as a commercial product, which Lotus announced and released in the fall of 1995 as cc:Mail for the World Wide Web 1.0; thereby providing an alternative means of accessing a cc:Mail message store (the usual means being a cc:Mail desktop application that operated either via dialup or within the confines of a local area network).<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a>

Early commercialization of webmail was also achieved when "Webex" began to be sold by Mankins' company, DotShop, Inc., at the end of 1995. Within DotShop, "Webex" changed its name to "EMUmail"; which would be sold to companies like UPS and Rackspace until its sale to Accurev in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> EMUmail was one of the first applications to feature a free version that included embedded advertising, as well as a licensed version that did not.

<a href="Hotmail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotmail">Hotmail</a> and <a href="RocketMail" title="RocketMail">Four11's RocketMail</a> both launched in 1996 as free services and immediately became very popular.<a href="#cite_note-freedom-20">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Widespread_deployment">Widespread deployment</h3></div>

As the 1990s progressed, and into the 2000s, it became more common for the general public to have access to webmail because:

<ul><li>many <a href="Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service providers</a> (such as <a href="EarthLink" title="EarthLink">EarthLink</a>) and <a href="Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web hosting providers</a> (such as <a href="Verio" title="Verio">Verio</a>) began bundling webmail into their service offerings (often in parallel with <a href="Post_Office_Protocol" title="Post Office Protocol">POP</a>/<a href="Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">SMTP</a> services);</li>

<li>many other enterprises (such as universities and large corporations) also started offering webmail as a way for their user communities to access their email (either locally managed or outsourced);</li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_webmail_providers" title="Comparison of webmail providers">webmail service providers</a> (such as <a href="Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Hotmail</a> and <a href="RocketMail" title="RocketMail">RocketMail</a>) emerged in 1996 as a free service to the general public, and rapidly gained in popularity.</li></ul>

In some cases, webmail application software is developed in-house by the organizations running and managing the application, and in some cases it is obtained from software companies that develop and sell such applications, usually as part of an integrated mail server package (an early example being <a href="Oracle_Communications_Messaging_Server" title="Oracle Communications Messaging Server">Netscape Messaging Server</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a>). The market for webmail application software has <a href="Comparison_of_mail_servers" title="Comparison of mail servers">continued into the 2010s</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rendering_and_compatibility">Rendering and compatibility</h2></div>

Email users may find the use of both a webmail client and a desktop client using the <a href="POP3" class="mw-redirect" title="POP3">POP3</a> protocol presents some difficulties. For example, email messages that are downloaded by the desktop client and are removed from the server will no longer be available on the webmail client. The user is limited to previewing messages using the web client before they are downloaded by the desktop email client. However, one may choose to leave the emails on the server, in which case this problem does not occur. The use of both a webmail client and a desktop client using the <a href="IMAP4" class="mw-redirect" title="IMAP4">IMAP4</a> protocol allows the contents of the mailbox to be consistently displayed in both the webmail and desktop clients and any action the user performs on messages in one interface will be reflected when the email is accessed via the other interface. There are significant differences in rendering capabilities for many popular webmail services such as <a href="Gmail" title="Gmail">Gmail</a>, <a href="Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a> and <a href="Yahoo!_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Mail">Yahoo! Mail</a>. Due to the varying treatment of <a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> tags, such as <style> and <head>, as well as <a href="CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> rendering inconsistencies, <a href="Email_marketing" title="Email marketing">email marketing</a> companies rely on older <a href="Web_development" title="Web development">web development</a> techniques to send <a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> mail. This usually means a greater reliance on tables and inline stylesheets.

Microsoft Windows applications by default create email messages via <a href="MAPI" title="MAPI">MAPI</a>. Several vendors produce tools to provide a MAPI interface to webmail.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privacy_concerns">Privacy concerns</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Email_privacy" title="Email privacy">Email privacy</a></div>

Although emails stored <a href="Encryption" title="Encryption">unencrypted</a> on any service provider's servers can be read by that service provider, specific concerns have been raised regarding webmail services that automatically analyze the contents of users' emails for the purpose of <a href="Targeted_advertising" title="Targeted advertising">targeted advertising</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-GmailAds-27">[26]</a> At least two such services, Gmail and Yahoo! Mail, give users the option to opt out of targeted advertising.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a>

Webmail that is accessed over unsecured HTTP may be readable by a third party who has access to the data transmission, such as over an unsecured <a href="Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> connection. This may be avoided by connecting to the webmail service via <a href="HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>, which encrypts the connection.<a href="#cite_note-:0-29">[28]</a> Gmail has supported HTTPS since launch<a href="#cite_note-:0-29">[28]</a> and in 2014 began requiring it for all webmail connections.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Yahoo! Mail added the option to connect over HTTPS in 2013<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> and made HTTPS required in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_email_clients" title="Comparison of email clients">Comparison of email clients</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_mail_servers" title="Comparison of mail servers">Comparison of mail servers</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_webmail_providers" title="Comparison of webmail providers">Comparison of webmail providers</a></li>

<li><a href="Email_hosting_service" title="Email hosting service">Email hosting service</a></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_mail" title="Hybrid mail">Hybrid mail</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-note01-11"><a href="#cite_ref-note01_11-0">^</a> No relation to <a href="Cisco_Webex" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Webex">Cisco Webex</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFHallam-Baker1994" class="citation newsgroup cs1"><a href="Phillip_Hallam-Baker" title="Phillip Hallam-Baker">Hallam-Baker, Phillip</a> (March 9, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/g/comp.archives/c/vpWqUAmg8xU/m/B8bHirYC7EUJ">"Announcing alpha test of PTG MAIL-DAEMON server"</a>. <a href="Google_Groups" title="Google Groups">Google Groups</a>. <a href="Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.archives">comp.archives</a>. Retrieved 2022-03-22.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vejrum.dk/www-mail/">"www-mail page frame-placeholder for www_mail.htm"</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pinna, Alberto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1999/dicembre/28/Soru_incontro_con_Rubbia_cosi_co_0_99122810441.shtml">"Soru: un incontro con Rubbia, così nacque il web in Sardegna"</a>, Corriere della Sera, December 28, 1999 (in Italian).

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Ferrucci, Luca, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regional-studies-assoc.ac.uk/events/pisa03/ferrucci.pdf">"The ICT in Sardinia: Startup and evolution"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029035730/http://www.regional-studies-assoc.ac.uk/events/pisa03/ferrucci.pdf">Archived</a> October 29, 2008, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Internet Archive, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970424063155/http://dse.nl/wm/">"DSE Webmail"</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> comp.internet.net-happenings, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scout.wisc.edu/Projects/PastProjects/NH/95-03/95-03-06/0017.html">"ANNOUNCE: WWW Mail Client 1.00"</a>, February 28, 1995.

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> comp.internet.net-happenings, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scout.wisc.edu/Projects/PastProjects/NH/95-03/95-03-30/0009.html">WebMail – Source code release</a>, March 30, 1995.

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Digitale Stad Eindhoven <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dse.nl/">"Digitale Stad Eindhoven"</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> De Digitale Stad on Wikipedia <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitale_Stad" class="extiw external" title="nl:Digitale Stad">De Digitale Stad (in Dutch)</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Webex-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Webex_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Webex_10-1">b</a> comp.mail.misc, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/comp.mail.misc/browse_thread/thread/768d2656998ad4fa/21742f28d6e9af3f">Webex Announcement</a>, August 8, 1995.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Lotusphere 95 Presentation, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NeM2h4CSZs">"cc:Mail Mobile's Next Generation"</a>, January 24, 1995.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBarney1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Barney, Doug (February 6, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sToEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA8">"Lotus cc:Mail to get better server, mobile access"</a>. InfoWorld. Vol. 17, no. 6. p. 8. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>. Retrieved April 20, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informationweek.com/">"InformationWeek, serving the information needs of the Business Technology Community"</a>. InformationWeek. Retrieved August 12, 2022.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Miami.edu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.miami.edu/~burt/papers/cv-mia-18.pdf">CV, Dr. Burton Rosenberg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100615002105/http://www.cs.miami.edu/~burt/papers/cv-mia-18.pdf">Archived</a> June 15, 2010, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Network World, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA1">"Lotus readies cc:Mail-Web hooks"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA55">(part 2)</a>, September 4, 1995, pp. 1, 55.

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<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDavis1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Davis, Jessica (October 2, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XDoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA12">"cc:Mail users will get E-mail through Web"</a>. InfoWorld. Vol. 17, no. 40. p. 12. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0199-6649">0199-6649</a>. Retrieved April 20, 2024.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lw8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10">Network World</a>. IDG Network World Inc. October 2, 1995.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-freedom-20"><a href="#cite_ref-freedom_20-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://4to40.com/legends/print.asp?id=131">"Sabeer Bhatiya : The founder of "Hotmail.com""</a>. 4to40.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210043942/http://4to40.com/legends/print.asp?id=131">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved November 19, 2009.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Oracle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19079-01/nscp.mes.svr415/816-6055-10/relnotes.html">Cnet Archive - Release Notes: Netscape Messaging Server 4.15</a>

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</li>

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<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.affixa.com/">Affixa</a> (Creating messages directly from Windows applications via MAPI)

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<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3602745.stm">"Google's Gmail sparks privacy row"</a>. BBC News. April 5, 2004. Retrieved July 6, 2011.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002235314/http://advertising.microsoft.com/uk/hotmail-advertising">"Hotmail Advertising"</a>. Microsoft. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://advertising.microsoft.com/uk/hotmail-advertising">the original</a> on October 2, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2011.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-GmailAds-27"><a href="#cite_ref-GmailAds_27-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=6603">"How Gmail Ads work"</a>. Google. Retrieved July 6, 2011.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_29-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gmail.googleblog.com/2008/07/making-security-easier.html">"Making security easier"</a>. Official Gmail Blog. Retrieved January 4, 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2014/03/staying-at-forefront-of-email-security.html">"Staying at the forefront of email security and reliability: HTTPS-only and 99.978 percent availability"</a>. Official Google Blog. March 20, 2014. Retrieved January 4, 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2013/01/08/yahoo-mail-https-ssl/">"Using Yahoo Mail? You should turn on this privacy option as soon as possible"</a>. Naked Security. January 8, 2013. Retrieved January 4, 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/yahoo-enables-default-https-encryption-for-yahoo-mail/">"Yahoo enables default HTTPS encryption for Yahoo Mail"</a>. CNET. Retrieved January 4, 2017.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yahoomail.tumblr.com/post/72588816144/https-now-default-in-yahoo-mail">"HTTPS Now Default in Yahoo Mail"</a>. Yahoo Mail. Retrieved January 4, 2017.</cite>

</li>

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